Showing posts with label Beckford. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Beckford. Show all posts

Friday, 23 October 2009

Beckford of Fonthill


Arms.—Per pale gules and azure, on a chevron argent, between three martlets or, an eagle displayed sable ; within a bordure of the fourth, charged with a double tressure, flory and counter flory of the first. The grant of the double tressure, under the authority of the Earl Marshal of England, registered in the college of arms, and bearing date the 20th March 1810, was intended to commemorate, not only the extraordinary accumulation of descents of the grantee, through various noble families, from the blood royal of Scotland which are verified in the line of Hamilton, but also the remarkable facts, that his grandmother, on the paternal side, Bathshua, daughter and coheir of Julines Hering esq., was through the lines above stated, of Oxenbridge, Throckmorton, Nevil, Beauchamp, Le Despencer and Plantagenet, descended from the said blood royal ; and that his grandmother, on the maternal side, Bridget Hamilton, was by her grandfather, William Coward, esq. serjeant-at-law, and recorder and member of Parliament for the city of Wells, descended through the ancient families of Dodington, of Dodington, and Wyndham, and the illustrious houses of Howard, Mowbray, Fitzalan, Bohun, and Plantagenet, and also through those of Scrope, Nevil, Stafford, Audley, and Clare, from the said blood royal ; and, by her mother, Mary, daughter of William Hastings, esq.; by her grandmother, Bridget, daughter and at length sole heir of Sir Thomas Hall; by her great-grandmother, Catherine, daughter of Sir Edward Seymour; and by her great-great-grandmother, Elizabeth, daughter of Henry Brune, esq. of Athelhampton, Dorset, through several distinct lines not participated by any of the other branches of the house 01 Hamilton, also descended from the said blood royal: and further, that the grantee having intermarried with the Lady Margaret Gordon, only daughter of Charles, late earl of Aboyne, his daughters by such marriage are likewise maternally descended, by numerous and direct lines, from the kings of Scotland, through many of the greatest families of that kingdom, as well as through the principal sovereign houses of Europe.

Quartering— 1st and 4th, Hamilton, gules, three cinquefoils ermine, pierced of the field ; 2nd and 3rd, Arran, argent, a lymphad sable.

Crests— First, a heron's head erased or, gorged with a collar flory counterflory gules, in the beak a fish argent. Second, issuant out of a ducal coronet or, an oak tree fructed ppr. the stem penetrated transversely by a frame-saw, also ppr. inscribed with the word "through," differenced with a shield, pendant from a branch of the tree, charged with the arms of Latimer, being gules, a cross flory or.

*** The second was a crest of Augmentation, assigned under the Earl Marshal's authority, to Mr. Beckford, in memory of his representation of a co-heir of the Abercorn branch of the house of Hamilton ; with a distinction in allusion to his descent, through the ancient family of Mervyn, lords of the manor of Fonthill-Gifford, from William, the first Lord Latimer.

Motto— De Dieu tout.

A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland Enjoying Territorial Possessions Or High Official Rank: But Uninvested with Heritable Honours,
John Burke
Colburn, 1836
pp. 678-681

Wednesday, 12 August 2009

Monserrat by Dorothy Wordsworth Quillinan (April 1846)

On our way [to the Cork Convent] we again passed the Marialva palace, and Penha Verde, and kept on the Collares road as far as Mr. Beckford’s place, Monserrat ; so called, not after one of his West Indian estates, as it was pretended, but because the site on which he erected his villa had long been known by that name, from an oratory built there in 1540 by Gaspar Preto, a priest, who however seems to have had no fancy either for the colour or substance of the image of Monserrat in Catalonia, for instead of a black wooden Virgin he procured one of alabaster from Rome. The villa of “England’s wealthiest son” as Childe Harold termed him, stands on a green knoll that projects far into the valley, forming a complete promontory, and thus commanding unobstructed views in every direction. The ground immediately about it is exceedingly beautiful, with sloping lawns, now green

p. 75

... and soft as the richest velvet, dashing sparkling, leaping roaring waterfalls, silent pools, gardens and orange groves, stately trees, and wooded park-like sward, extending to the outskirts of the uncultivated country, and so partaking both of the wild and cultivated beauty of Cintra. The house is a temple for the winds – many buildings that have been ruins for centuries are not so ruinous, not a tile of a roof remaining ; a truly melancholy spectacle. We were told that the French soldiers unroofed the house, and industriously destroyed everything that could be destroyed, out of malice to the English. On the other hand, it has been asserted that the original vicious construction of the building, hastily run up, was the cause of its delapidation, and that, like the Tower of Fonthill, it was devoted to early ruin by the negligence of the architect, or the impatience of his employer. On leaving the gateless gateway of Monserrat, we crossed the road, and at once began to ascend the hill – very steep in places, wild and beautiful in all.

Monday, 10 August 2009

Portugal illustrated By William Morgan Kinsey

Our next visit was to the modern Gothic quinta called Montserrat, now in a state of complete dilapidation, of which, however, sufficient remains to give evidence of its former splendour. We proceeded thither on Burros, whose movements were constantly quickened by the shouts and blows of a rabble of boys in red nightcaps, blue shirts, and red sashes worn round their waists. A merry party of Portuguese, mounted on Machos, among whom was a fat Dominican monk contesting with a lady for a first arrival at the town, had nearly run down our little unpretending squadron on the road. This once beautiful building is situated midway between Cintra and Colares, upon the extremity of a little knoll shaded by forest trees, and commanding a most lovely prospect over the gardens, vineyards, and orchards, scattered along the valley of Colares, and extending to the sea-side. It is said to have been built by Mr. Devisme, and to have been sold by him to Mr. Beckford, who furnished it in the most sumptuous manner; but the marble halls are silent now, and the voice of music has long ceased to cheer the desolate ruin. Lord Byron's description of its present condition is truly apposite and highly poetical

p. 133

2nd edition 1829

Kinsey was at Cintra in 1827

Saturday, 1 August 2009

Memoirs of William Beckford of Fonthill


CHAPTER VIII.
VISIT TO PORTUGAL AND SPAIN—MISTAKES REGARDING THE RESIDENCE THERE—BYRON's CHILDE HABOLD—NARRATIONS OF TRAVELLERS—FALMOUTH AND ITS VICINITY—THE PORTUGUESE CHABACTEB —THE MARIALVAS—REFLECTIONS—HONOURS TO ST. ANTHONY.

It was six months after his return from Switzerland, and the breaking up of his domestic establishment on his favourite shores of the Leman, that he made his voyage to the south; a visit respecting which there has been no end to exaggerations. A visit of eight or nine months has been magnified into one of years in duration, and into housebuilding and permanent establishments in a foreign country, that never had a real existence. He took with him a large household establishment, because it suited the Portuguese taste; and from twenty to thirty persons composed his train. [278] Less would not have comported with the figure he desired to make abroad. The second visit he paid was while the contractor erected the wall round Fonthill, which was completed in about September or October, 1796. Yet Byron apostrophises Montserrat, in Childe Harold, and wrote:—

" There thou, too, Vathek ! England's wealthiest son,
Once formed thy Paradise, as not aware
When wanton wealth her mightiest deeds hath done,
Meek peace voluptuous laws was ever wont to shun.

"Here didst thou dwell, here schemes of pleasure plan,
Beneath yon mountain's ever-beauteous brow ;
But now, as if a thing unblest by man,
Thy fairy dwelling is as lone as thou!
Here giant weeds a passage scarce allow
To halls deserted, portals gaping wide,
Fresh lessons to the thinking bosom, how
Vain are the pleasaunces on earth supplied;
Swept into wrecks anon by Time's ungentle tide."

This would have been striking had it been true. That Mr. Beckford, going to Portugal for eight or nine months, after his wife's death, when he was still grieving her loss, and that for such a term of residence he should build a house, was rather too extravagant. Indeed, on his first visit, he did not reside at Montserrat at all, [279] because the owner, Mr. De Visme, a merchant, who built the factory hospital, would not let it. On his second visit to Portugal, which lasted some months more than the first, he was successful in becoming a temporary holder. It was a barbarous Gothic imitation house, built by a carpenter from Falmouth, which had been erected on the foundations of the older house of Mr. De Visme; and of this new building Mr. Beckford succeeded in becoming the tenant. The site was lovely, and surrounded by a most delightful country. He proceeded by way of Madrid, in 1794, and spent a year and better in Portugal, during which he inhabited Montserrat.

Hear another jeremiad about Montserrat:— " The princely mansion of Beckford is now mouldering in ruins. It was an exceedingly elegant and tasteful building, quite in the English style. Not a vestige of the roof remains; and within, the bramble, the thorn, and the thistle, flourish in undisturbed luxuriance. A few short years more, and a guide will have to lead the traveller to the spot where the eccentric author of 'Vathek' held his court. It is a most romantic spot, commanding, in its prospect, every [280] beauty that Cintra and the surrounding country affords. The lofty, tree-clad mountains behind, the undulating cultivated plains before, in the distance the illimitable sea, and around groves of the finest orange and lemon trees, force an exclamation of rapture, sadly qualified by regret at the utter destruction to which this most lovely of retreats is fast hastening. On the western turret still stands the flag-staff from which the silken banner of Old England so often fluttered in the breeze; it seemed conscious of the dignity it once possessed; and, in defiance of the ruin going on around, was determined to ' spin it out, and fight to the last!'" This is from " Wilde's Travels," which show un grand talent, as the French have it, for building castles in the air.

Memoirs of William Beckford of Fonthill
Cyrus Redding
London, C.J. Skeet, 1859

Wednesday, 10 June 2009

QUINTA DE JOSE DIAS (COLARES)


PARTE DO JARDIM DA QUINTA DE JOSE DIAS (COLARES)Parte do jardim da quinta de José Dias (Colares) [Visual gráfico. - [Lisboa? : s.n., ca. 1850] ([Lisboa] : Lith. de A.C. de Lemos. - 1 gravura : litografia, p&b http://purl.pt/4033

Saturday, 16 May 2009

Archivo pittoresco 1866



Archivo pittoresco
Published by Tip. de Castro Irmão., 1866
vol. 9, p. 24

Quando publicamos no vol. VII, a pag. 245, um artigo do sr. J. M. D. de Oliveira Travassos, descrevendo o sitio de Monserrate e o seu antigo palacio e quinta, promettemos mostrar em gravura aos nossos leitores o palacio no seu estado actual de restauracao e engrandecimento. Vamos hoje cumprir essa promessa.

Uma lenda popular de antigas eras diz que sob о dominio dos árabes ja era cultivada e habitada essa collina graciosa que resalta da serra de Cintra, e agora vemos transformada em jardim de mimosas flores. Era entáo, segundo a lenda, uma quinta de um musarabe, fidalgo christão que vivia tranquillamente em umas casas no alto da quinta, onde ora campeia o formoso palacio acastellado.

Nao obstante a sua sujeição aos moiros, aquelle fidalgo, sentindo correr-lhe nas veias sangue illustre dos godos, era altivo e mal soffria o jugo tyrannico dos conquistadores da sua patria. Assim, pois, estes sentimentos, excitados constantemente pelo odio contra os inimigos da fé christã, vieram a romper em discordias com o alcaide moiro do visinho castello de Cintra.

Como ambos se jactavam de serem cavalleiros esforçados e briosos, nao quiz o sarraceno prevalecer-se da auctoridade para se vingar dos desdens e desprezos do seu rival. Confiou, pois, a vingança ao valor de seu braco, e desafiou o christão a medir-se com elle em duello a todo o transe. Foi o alcaide procurar o fidalgo à sua propria casa, e ao lado d'ella, no alto da collina, travaram encarniçado combate. Eram tão eguaes nos dois campeões a valentía e a coragem, que por algum tempo esteve indecisa a victoria, até que, em fim, a sorte das armas, ou a fortuna, que é cega, a decidiu a favor do alcaide. O pobre fidalgo christão caíu morto aos pés do vencedor.

Como é bem fácil de crer, este acontecimento lancou em grande consternaçào as familias musarabes que habitavam na próxima villa de Cintra. Reputando aquella morte um verdadeiro martyrio, começaram a visitar a sepultura do martyr, banhando-lh'a com lagrimas, e orando fervorosamente para que a Virgem Maria, condoendo-se da triste escravidâo em que viviam, os libertasse de tao abominavel dominio.

Nao tardou muitos annos que a espada victoriosa de Alfonso Henriques expulsasse os moiros da villa de Cintra, hasteando ao mesmo tempo nas torres do seu castello o glorioso pendào das quinas.

Vencidos os inimigos da Cruz, lembraram-se alguns fiéis de erigir urna casa de oração, como agradecidos do seu livramento, sobre a sepultura do ultimo martyr da sua fe. Fez-se a obra, porém acanhada e mesquinha, como quasi todas as construcçôes d'essa epocha.

Perseverou por longos annos a ermidinha consagrada á Mae de Deus, até que veiu a arruinar-se; e a devoção, arrefecida pelo correr dos lempos, e olvidada das lembrancas do martyr que allí jazia, deixou ficar em ruinas o padrão, humilde mas piedoso, da restaurado de Cintra do poder dos infieis.

Esta é a lenda popular, não auctorisada por documento algum ou memoria escripta respeitavel. Entretanto, os que acreditam n'ella, pretendem que o padre Gaspar Preto, que no anno de 1540 edificou allí uma ermida, dedicada a Nossa Senhora de Monserrate, de quem o sitio tomou o nome, fôra reedificador e nao fundador, corno geralmente se cré. Dizem mais, que a imagem da Virgem, de alabastro, que se venerava na dita ermida, fora por elle proprio comprada em Roma; e que, de regresso á patria, visitando um dia o logar ermo da serra de Cintra, onde se viam os restos da antiga ermidinha, se lembrára de fazer reviver o culto de Nossa Senhora no mesmo logar onde o tivera logo depois do resgate d'aquella térra. E quanto ao titulo da Senhora, ac- crescentam que lh'o dera o padre Gaspar Prcto, em recordação da visita que fez, na sua volta de Roma, ao celebrado sanctuario de Nossa Senhora de Monserrate, que se venera na Hespanha, no meio de uma serrania fragosa e alcantilada.

De tudo isto o que se pode ter por certo é a fundação ou reconstrução da ermida feita por aquello padre. N'esse seculo (XVI) pertencia aquella collina, com mais alguns terrenos junto da raiz d'ella, ao hospital de -Todos os Santos, em Lisboa. No seculo seguinte aforou o dito hospital esta propriodade a algum membro da familia Mello de Castro, ou a pessoa que depois a transmittiu a essa familia, pois que no principio do seculo XVIII estava de posse d'ella Caetano de Mello de Castro, vice-rei da India, e casado com D. Marianna de Faro, filha dos segundos condes da Ilha do Principe. Fallecendo aquelle fidalgo na India, em 1718, declarou no seu testamento, feito n'esse anno, que vinculara a sua quinta da Bella Vista ou de Monserrale, na serra de Cintra. Esta disposição foi levada a effeito com as formalidades da lei por seu filho e successor, Antonio de Mello de Castro, que morreu victima do terremoto de 1 de novembre de 1755. Nao tendo deixado filhos, passou a casa a seu irmão Francisco de Mello de Castro, que serviu tambem na India, como seu рае e avô.
N'este decurso de tempo fui muito melhorada aquella quinta, e construiram-se no alto d'ella umas casas para residencia de verão dos seus proprietaries. Parece que ja entao se achava com alguma ruina a ermida do padre Gaspar Preto.

Francisco de Mello de Castro casou na India com D. Joaquina de Mello, que era viuva de José de Saldanha, e filha do general Martinho da Silveira de Menezes. Tendo succedido na casa d'aquelle fidalgo sua filha, ou neta, D. Francisca Xavier Marianna de Faro o Mello, que foi casada com D. Lopo José de Almeida Pimentel, esta senhora, achando-se viuva e residente em Goa, arrendou a sua quinta em Cintra a Gerardo Devisme, negociante estrangeiro estabelecido em Lisboa. Foi feito o arrendamenlo por nove anuos, a commeçar no dia 10 de julho de 1790, em que se assignou.

Gerardo Devisme era um homen de bastante riqueza e bom gosto, do que é documento a magnifica e formosa quinta e palacio de S. Domingos de Bemfica, por elle fundados para sua residencia, sob os planos e direccáo de Ignacio de Oliveira Bernardos, pintor e architecto de merecimento, e que actualmente sao propriedade e habitação de sua alteza real a serenissima infanta D. Isabel María.

Grande apreciador das bellezas de Cintra, mas nao menos dos regalos с commodidades da vida, arrendou aquella quinta a longo prazo com o intento de a plantar a seu gosto, e de edificar n'ella uma casa com as condições que desejava. Com effeito, sem lhe pesar no animo ir gastar tanto dinheiro em uma quinta alheia, embora contasse renovar o arrendamento além dos nove annos, deu começo as obras pela demolição da casa antiga e da ermida, e no seu logar lançou os fundamentos do novo edifcio.

A mais de um escripior temos visto attribuir o risco d'esta obra a Ignacio de Oliveira Bernardos. Cremos, porém, que é equivoco, procedido de ter este architecto delineado, para o mesmo Devisme, o palacio e quinta de S. Domingos de Bemfica. O que nos move dúvidas é ter sido feito o arrendamento ácima referido no anno de 1790, e ter fallecido Ignacio de Oliveira Bernardos no dia 18 de Janeiro de 1781. Poderia ser que Devisme lhe tivesse encommendado o desenho de uma casa de campo antes de realisar a construcçâo. Mas contra esta presumpçao adduziremos um argumento forte, que vem a ser, que o pintor Cyrillo Volkmar Machado, na sua Collecção de memorias relativas as vidas dos pintores e esculptores, architectos e gravadores portugueses, fallando com alguma largueza acerca de Oliveira Bernardos, ennumera, entre as obras que fez como architecto civil, a casa e quinta de Gerardo Devisme. Refere-se, porém, Somente a uma, que nao pode deixar de ser a de S. Domingos de Bemfica, porque era a principal residencia d'este opulento negociante, e sabe-se com certeza que no todo ou em parte foi obra d'aquelle architecto. E Cyrillo Machado foi contemporáneo e collega de Oliveira Bernardos, e morreu em 1823 com 74 anuos de edade.

Ignoramos se Devisme chegou a concluir a casa de Monserrate, pois que, muito antes de finalisar o seculo, retirou-se inopinadamente de Portugal, por motivo de desgostos que teve n'este reino. Por essa occasiao, ou mais tarde por sua morte, succedida em Londres no anno de 1798, foi vendida ao marquez de Ábrantes a sua propriedade de S. Domingos de Bemfica, cujos herdeiros a venderam tambem em 1831 á serenissima senhora infanta D. Isabel Maria. Quatro annos antes de fallecer, arrendou da sua mão a quinta de Monserrate a um opulento inglez chamado Beckford. Foi então que principiaram os fastos gloriosos d'esta propriedade, que breve passaram, como passam rápidamente todas as glorias mundanas.

Era filho o novo rendeiro de William Beckford, que se immortalisou e adquiriu immensa popularidade pela singular energía e coragem com que fallou a Jorge III em 1770, sendo entao lord maire de Londres, expondo ao monarcha, em phrases sentidas e severas, as justas queixas do povo contra o sou governo: nobre exemplo de dedicação e lealdade que o povo da capital galardoou, levantando-lhe uma estatua na casa da cámara, e, para que ficasse bem conhecida e perpetuada a memoria do feito, fez com que o esculptor représentasse aquello corajoso cidadao com o braço erguido, e segurando na mão um papel em que se liam as suas memoraveis palavras.

Por sua morte logou a seu filho, a par de um nome bemquisto e respeitado, mui avultadas riquezas; e tudo isto reunido á mais esmerada educação e aos mais apreciaveis dotes do espirito e do coracao, habilitaram o joven Beckford a contrahir matrimonio com a formosa lady Margarida Gordon, filha do conde de Aboyne, par de Escocia. A perda da esposa ao dar á luz o segundo fructo de seu ardente amor, levou-o a procurar lenitivo para a sua dor longe da terra que tinha sido testimunha da sua passageira felicidade.

Beckford veiu a Portugal na primavera do anno de 1787. Lisboa e Cintra foram as terras onde fez a sua principal residencia, e alli viveu alguns mezes no seio da mais elevada sociedade, que o distinguía com particulares provas de estima. Fez algumas digressões pelo interior do paiz, e nos fins d'esse mesmo anno continuou a sua viagem, passando á Hespanha.

Recolhido á patria, pouco tempo de repoiso ahi desfructou, pois que se viu obrigado a sair d'ella furtivamente em 1794, por se achar implicado em um processo criminal. As saudosas recordaçoes que levara de Portugal, sobre tudo de Cintra, conduziram-n'o directamente a Lisboa, e foi entâo que obteve que Devisme Ihe cedesse a quinta de Monserrate.

Dissemos acima que nao sabíamos o estado em que Devisme deixára as obras do palacio. Porém o que é certo é que Beckford emprehendeu e executou muitos e importantes trabalhos de construcçao, ou fossem para concluir ou augmentar o edificio, ou para o aformosear, e mais a quinta. Durante alguus annos que viveu n'este reino, Beckford fez d'aquellu residencia um verdadeiro paraíso, porque as bellezas naturaes da paizagem accrescentou as galas, elegancia e conchego que so a opulencia e um gosto aprimorado sabem e podem produzir, dando realce e animação a tudo isso com os encantos da mais alegre e espirituosa convivencia, entretida pelo condão da hospitalidade franca, benevolente e graciosa.

N'esse trato intimo que teve com muitas das principaes familias da corte, enamorou-se Beckford de uma gentil donzella, vergontea bastarda da antiga e nobilissima estirpe dos Marialvas. E a tal ponto se rendeu aos attractives da joven formosura, que chegou a solicitar, dizem, a sua mão e um titulo de nobreza, resolvido a fixar n'este paiz a sua residencia. Porém, apesar das immensas riquezas que possuia, e que tâo fidalga e generosamente dispendia; apesar do fausto e ostentação do seu viver, e da nobreza da familia que nao desdenhára recebel-o no seu seio; apesar das vivas sympathias que sabia inspirar a quantos o tratavam, pela influencia da illustração e graça do seu espirito, e da lhaneza e affabilidade das suas maneiras; nao obstante todas essas poderosissimas condiçoes, nao conseguiu o que pretendía *.

Ou o orgulho da nobreza, ou a differença de religião, e talvez ambas as coisas, armaram de inflexivel recusa o marquez de Marialva. E da rainha D. Maria I apenas por graça única alcançou que esta soberana solicitasse e obtivesse del-rei de Inglaterra o perdão para elle.

Ferido no seu pundonor e na sua mais cara affeição, Beckford abandonou o paiz que ja amava como patria adoptiva, e depois de viajar por França e Italia, voltou para Inglaterra, onde procurou distrahir as recordaçoes da esposa e as saudades da amante com a construcçao e decorações da sua sumptuosa propriedade de Fontill, que se tornou uma residencia verdaderamente digna de um soberano, pois que á grandeza e magnificencia do edificio juntava-se a riqueza dos movéis, dos primores de arte e preciosidades de todo o genero que encerrava, entre as quaes se viam muitos objectes que recordavam a sua estada em Portugal.

Beckford morreu de edade avancada, e alguns annos antes de fallecer teve a honra de receber em sua casa sua magestade fidelissima, a joven rainha D. Maria II, chegada do Brasil havia pouco, e que allí foi admirar a sua famosa galería de quadros e outras soberbas collecções de objectos de arte, que faziam d'aquelle palacio uma singular maravilha da Inglaterra, e que elevaram o seu preço, no leilão disputadissimo que de tudo se fez depois da morte de Beckford, á immensa somma de 340:000 libras esterlinas 2.

Depois da saida de Beckford de Portugal, a quinta e palacio de Monserrale foram arrendados a diversas pessoas. Porém a falta de tratamento, junto á accão

1 Beckford occupava na sua patria uma posição social tão respeitavel, que a sua filha Suzana Euphemia. cujo nascimento custou a vida а sua infeliz mãe, veiu а ser duqueza de Hamilton na Escocia, duqueza de Brandon na Inglaterra, e duqueza de Chatellerand em Franca,

2 Na sua primeira viagem a Portugal Beckford escreveu uma serie de cartas curiosissimas, que retratam ao natural a corte da rainha D, María I. A segunda viajem de Beckford a Portugal forneceu аssumpto ao nosso collaborador e muí distincte escriptor, o sr. Rebello da Silva, para compor um livro que intitulou Lagrimas e thesouros, lindo romance com que enriqueceu a littaratura patria.

destruidora do tempo, determinaram a rápida decadencia d'esta propriedade, que chegou, em fim, a completo estado de ruina. Concorreram muito para isso, sem dúvida, os acontecimentos políticos do principio d'esté seculo. As invasoes francezas, os sacrificios que ellas impozeram á nacâo, a partida da familia real para o Brasil e da maior parte da nobreza da capital, obstaram certamente a que alguma familia poderosa, procurando ir passar os veröes n'aquella deliciosa mansao a livrasse, pelo menos, de maior ruina.

Finalmente, ao cabo de longo e completo abandono, foi subrogada ao sr. Francisco Cook, subdito britannico, pelo sr. Luiz Caetano de Castro e Almeida Pimentel de Sequeira e Abreu, que então a possuia.

O palacio, sacudindo de si o pó das ruinas, tomou uma forma mais nobre e esbelta, Enfeitou-se por fóra com columnas de marmore, com janellas gothícas de variados relevos, e com graciosas cúpulas. Adornou-se por dentro com muita variedade de marmores finissimos, entre os quaes sobresaem magnifícas columnas de porfido; com estuques e pinturas mui ricas; com lindos sobrados de madeiras diversas embutidas, formando mui bonitos desenhos: com movéis, alfaias, e obras de arte de subido custo e bom gosto, dos tempos antigos e modernos.

A quinta tambem passou por egual transformação: A numerosissima collecção de plantas exóticas e raras que encerra, umas admiraveis pela belleza das flores, outras singulares pela exquisita folhagem; a abundancia e frescura das aguas; a arte e bom gosto que presídiram á abertura das rúas, á disposicáo das plantas e á direccao dos mananciaes, auxiliados por aquelle benigno clima, por aquella natureza tão potente, que empresta allí á vegetacâo o brilho e pompas que a dos trópicos óstenta: tantas galas e encantos, realçados ainda mais pela formosura da situação, parecem realisar essas vivendas de fadas, creação phantastica dos poetas nos arrojados vôos da sua ardente imaginação.

A esta quinta de Monserrate, que, afora os pomares, é toda de regalo, annexou O sr. Cook outra propriedade, denominada do Espirito Santo, toda consagrada à lavoira segundo os processes e instrumentos mais modernos; o que constituí; uma quinta modelo. A nossa gravura é copia de uma photographia. Sobre a situação de Mouserrate veja-se o volume e paginas citadas no começo d'esté artigo.
I. DE VILHENA BARBOSA.

p.185 - 187

Memoirs of William Beckford : Montserrat

VISIT TO PORTUGAL AND SPAIN—MISTAKES REGARDING THE RESIDENCE THERE—BYRON'S CHILDE HAROLD—NARRATIONS OF TRAVELLERS

It was six months after his return from Switzerland, and the breaking up of his domestic establishment on his favourite shores of the Leman, that he made his voyage to the south; a visit respecting which there has been no end to exaggerations. A visit of eight or nine months has been magnified into one of years in duration, and into housebuilding and permanent establishments in a foreign country, that never had a real existence. He took with him a large household establishment, because it suited the Portuguese taste; and from twenty to thirty persons composed his train. Less would not have comported with the figure he desired to make abroad. The second visit he paid was while the contractor erected the wall round Fonthill, which was completed in about September or October, 1796. Yet Byron apostrophises Montserrat, in Childe Harold, and wrote :—

" There thou, too, Vathek ! England's wealthiest son,
Once formed thy Paradise, as not aware

When wanton wealth her mightiest deeds hath done,
Meek peace voluptuous laws was ever wont to shun.

" Here didst thou dwell, here schemes of pleasure plan,
Beneath yon mountain's ever-beauteous brow;
But now, as if a thing unblest by man,
Thy fairy dwelling is as lone as thou !
Here giant weeds a passage scarce allow
To halls deserted, portals gaping wide,
Fresh lessons to the thinking bosom, how
Vain are the pleasaunces on earth supplied;
Swept into wrecks anon by Time's ungentle tide."


This would have been striking had it been true. That Mr. Beckford, going to Portugal for eight or nine months, after his wife's death, when he was still grieving her loss, and that for such a term of residence he should build a house, was rather too extravagant. Indeed, on his first visit, he did not reside at Montserrat at all, because the owner, Mr. De Visme, a merchant, who built the factory hospital, would not let it. On his second visit to Portugal, which lasted some months more than the first, he was successful in becoming a temporary holder. It was a barbarous Gothic imitation house, built by a carpenter from Falmouth, which had been erected on the foundations of the older house of Mr. De Visme; and of this new building Mr. Beckford succeeded in becoming the tenant. The site was lovely, and surrounded by a most delightful country. He proceeded by way of Madrid, in 1794, and spent a year and better in Portugal, during which he inhabited Montserrat.

Hear another jeremiad about Montserrat:— " The princely mansion of Beckford is now mouldering in ruins. It was an exceedingly elegant and tasteful building, quite in the English style. Not a vestige of the roof remains; and within, the bramble, the thorn, and the thistle, flourish in undisturbed luxuriance. A few short years more, and a guide will have to lead the traveller to the spot where the eccentric author of ' Vathek' held his court. It is a most romantic spot, commanding, in its prospect, every beauty that Cintra and the surrounding country affords. The lofty, tree-clad mountains behind, the undulating cultivated plains before, in the distance the illimitable sea, and around groves of the finest orange and lemon trees, force an exclamation of rapture, sadly qualified by regret at the utter destruction to which this most lovely of retreats is fast hastening. On the western turret still stands the flag-staff from which the silken banner of Old England so often fluttered in the breeze; it seemed conscious of the dignity it once possessed; and, in defiance of the ruin going on around, was determined to 'spin it out, and fight to the last!'" This is from " Wilde's Travels," which show un grand talent, as the French have it, for building castles in the air.

Memoirs of William Beckford of Fonthill: Author of "Vathek" p. 277-280
Cyrus Redding
Published by C.J. Skeet, 1859

Sunday, 21 December 2008

Vathek's Antonio




Beckford's adopted patron saint, St Anthony of Padua, stood on a plinth of Siena marble bearing the inscription 'DOMINUS ILLUMINATIO MEA'. (The Lord is my light - Psalm 27)
The authorship of this statue has generally been stated as "Rossi" and has generated some controversy. According to an anonymous article in O Século (9th October, 1898) it was made in Rome by Giacomo Rossi (1748-1817) Director of the Portuguese Academy in Rome. Beckford is supposed by some to have commissioned the sculpture for Monserrate.

It is more likely however that Beckford had the statue made for Fonthill where it occupied the focal position in the oratory.

The statue was later placed by Beckford in the Sanctuary at Lansdown Tower.

On descending the staircase, the door opening showed us at the end of a small vaulted corridor a beautiful statue by Rossi of St. Anthony and the infant Jesus. At the back, fixed in the wall, is a large slab of red porphyry, circular at the top and surrounded by an elegant inlay of Sienna verd, antique border surrounding the whole figure of the Saint, and has a most rich effect; it is difficult to believe that the Sienna is not gold. The light descending from above gives that fine effect which sets off statues so much.

Modern scholarship attributes the statue to J. C. Rossi, R.A.

ROSSI (John Charles Felix) 1762-1839
Born 8 March, 1762, at Nottingham, the son of an Italian from Siena who practicised medicine. As a young man Rossi studied sculpture under Locatelli. In 1785 he won the Academy Travelling Studentship and went to Rome for three years. In 1798 he was elected an Associate of the Royal Academy, becoming a full member in 1802. Sculptor to the Prince of Wales 1797.

John Charles Felix Rossi by William Daniell, after George Dance, pencil, circa 1802-1814 (1798) National Portrait Gallery

In 1845, after Beckford's death, the statue was sold for thirty-two-and-a-half guineas at the Lansdown sale in Bath.

According to Ida Kingsbury, Sir Francis Cook, at Monserrate read about the forthcoming sale of a "cardinal with a babe in arms". Recognising this as Beckford's Anthony he sailed from Portugal to London to make the purchase. He then sent it to Monserrate and converted one of the ground-floor bedrooms into a chapel, or "Saint Anthony's room" (before 1869). In 1952 it was sold at auction to Sr. Emauz e Silva for the sum of 30,000 escudos. He donated it to the Jesuit fathers at the Colégio de São João de Brito, where it remains today.

Recollections of the late William Beckford of Fonthill, Wilts and Lansdown, Bath, Henry Venn Lansdown; M. L. Bettencourt Pires, William Beckford e Portugal, 1987; Ida Kingsbury, Sir Francis Cook and Monserrate, BHS, 1976; Rocha Martins O Palacio de Monserrate - Habitações Artisticas. Notas Rapidas, A Illustração Portuguesa, 26 de Septembro de 1904, p.742.; O Século, 9.10.1898

Saturday, 20 December 2008

Chapel



The saint returns to dwell,
Where Vathek once was lord !

There were a number of works of art displayed within the chapel. A large picture representing Christ and the miracle of the loaves and fishes was placed on the wall opposite the door. The stencilled wall decoration still exists today.