Villa Victoria, Cannes 1873

Thomas Robinson Woolfield wrote to the Journal of Horticulture and Cottage Gardener, on the 30th January, 1873.

He reports that his Eucalyptus globulus, sown in March, 1862, had now attained the height of fifty-five feet, with a girth of four feet. He sold to leaves and small branches to be distilled at 2s. 4d. per cwt.

He added the following list of flowering plants from his garden:

Abutilon Duc de Malakoff
Thompsoni
venosum
vexillarium
Acacia dealbata
lophantha
myriobotrya
ovata
Achanea africana
Agathaea coelestis
Ageratum mexicanum
Anemones
Bignonia capensis
Bellis perennis
Calendula officinalis
Callistemon viminale
Calycanthus praecox
Capraria lanceolata
Carnations
Cassia australis
tormentosa
Ceanothus azureus
dentatus
Cestrum auranticum
Chorozema ilicifolium
nanum
Chrysanthemum frutescens Comtesse de Chambord
and the yellow variety
Citrus Bigaradia
Coabaea scandens
Correa alba
cardinalis
rosea
Cuphaea emines
platycentra
Cyclamens
Dahlia arborea
Delairea scandens
Eriobotrya japonica
Eriocephalus aromaticus
Eucalyptus globulus
Eupatorium grandiflorum album
micranthum
Grevillea pumica splendens
rosmarinifolia
Thelmanni
Habrothamnus auranticum
elegans
fasiculatus
Hakea eucalyptoides
Victoria
Heliotropes
Iberis semperflorens
Iochroma coccinea
Tonelliana
tubulosa
Warscewiczii
Ionopsidium acaule
acaule alba
Irises
Jasminum nudiflorum
Kennedya ovata
ovata alba
ovata lilacina
Lantana delicatissima
Lavandula dentata
Libonia floribunda
Linum tigrinum
Lopezia miniata
Lycium afrum
Mahonias
Myoporum parvifolium
Narcissus
Nemophila alba
insignis
Nicotianas
Osmanthus fragrans
Osteospermum moniliferum
Oxalis versicolor
Pansies
Phlox Drummondii
Pimelea deussata
Polygala Dalmaisiana
grandiflora
Primula sinensis
Reseda odorata
Ribes speciosum
Rosmarinus officinalis
Ruscus
Salvia eriocalyx
gesneraeflora
princeps
sylvestris
Sparmannia africana
Stenia salicifolia
Tacsonia ignea
manicata
mollissima
Templetonia glauca
Teucrium fruticans
Tussilago suaveolens
Veronicas
Violas

Tacsonia ignea

Tacsonia manicata
Paxton, Flower Garden Displayed

A magnificent terrace extends along the whole front of the palacio, and is formed by a high wall, built on the steep slope of the lawn, and surmounted by a handsome balustrade, little, however, of which can be seen for the profusion of beautiful climbers, which cover the wall and intertwine with the balusters, so as to form a floral drapery of exceeding loveliness. Amongst these climbers, chief in beauty, was Tacsonia ignea, a plant which, as far as I have been able to ascertain, is not found in our gardens. Its flowers are the same bright colour as our Tom-Thumb geraniums, and the effect of thousands of them, thickly scattered over the thick drapery of thick dark green foliage, was beautiful in the extreme.

Tacsonia ignea hort. ex Mast.
Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 27: 629. 1871.

The Gardeners' Chronicle uses this name interchangeably with Tacsonia manicata

L. H. Bailey, 1919, THE STANDARD CYCLOPEDIA OF HORTICULTURE
Passiflora manicata, Pers. (P. ignea, Hort. Tacsonia manicata, Juss.). RED PASSION-VINE. Fig. 2775. St. nearly terete, finely pale-pubescent: Ivs. coriaceous, 3-lobed to about the middle, finely serrate, the lobes broad- oblong, pale beneath; stipules ovate, 1 in. across, notched, clasping: fls. solitary on slender axillary pedun- cles, brilliant scarlet, 4 in. across; perianth-tube 3^m. long, inflated and 10-ribbed at base; outer corona of many short blue filaments, some of which surround the column; inner corona of an inflexed membrane: fr. egg-shaped or almost globular, yellow-green, the skin thick; seeds many in a thin pulp. Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. B.M. 6129. G.F. 7:265 (from which Fig. 2775 is reduced). R.H. 1903:356. This plant seems to be grown with difficulty in greenhouses, but it is at home in the open in S. Calif., climbing into the tops of trees and blooming profusely, making a brilliant display. It grows with great vigor and rapidity, renewing itself freely from seeds.

Palms: Lisbon, 1854

De palmeiras os nossos jardins nao possuiam mais do que a palmeira das igrejas (Phoenix dactylifera) e a muito nacional palmeira das vassoras (Chamaerops humilis). A collecção d'El-rei o senhor D. Femando veio alargar este estreito campo da observação, e nos fez conhecer perto de mais quarenta especies nos géneros Phoenix, Cocos, Jubaea, Latania, Sabal, Bactris, Chamaedorea, Corypha, Diplothemium, Saribus, Rhapis, Borassus, Drymopalaeus, Acrocomia, Piranga, Ceroxylon, Qualielma, Daemonorops, Copernicia, Astrocaryon, Caryota, Attalea e Geonoma. Entre as especies destes géneros figurava o coco da praia dos brazileiros (Diplothemium maritimum); o Ceroxylon andícola, notavel pela quantidade de materia gorda que accumula na base das folhas ; o Borassus flabelliformis, e a Corypha gebanga, palmeiras do maior prestimo na Asia, pelo succo sacharino e licor fermentado que fornecem, pela materia feculenta que Ihes aproveitam do tronco, as cordagens, tecidos e variados utensilios, que se fabricam com as suas folhas. Podia igualmente ver-se entre as palmeiras d'El-rei um coqueiro (Cocos nucifera) bem desinvolvido e pegado ao coco, de que nascera; era da quinta das Larangeiras do snr. Conde de Farrobo, (donde tambem veio uma outra palmeira, que se pensa ser do genero Acrocomia.

Acrocomia
Astrocaryon
Attalea
Bactris
Borassus - Borassus flabelliformis
Caryota
Ceroxylon - Ceroxylon andícola
Chamaedorea
Chamaerops humilis
Cocos - Cocos nucifera
Copernicia
Corypha - Corypha gebanga
Daemonorops
Diplothemium - Diplothemium maritimum
Drymopalaeus
Geonoma
Jubaea - Jubaea chilensis
Latania - Latania borbonica
Phoenix - Phoenix dactylifera
Piranga
Qualielma
Rhapis
Sabal
Saribus

Acrocomia aculeata

Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. ex Mart.

Acrocomia mexicana Karw. ex Mart.

In imperio mexicano prope Teoxomulco tria hujas palmae insignis specimina observarit, mense Oct 1828
Collector and Number: Karwinsky s.n.
Distribution: Mexico (Veracruz)

Acrocomia sclerocarpa Mart. nom. illeg. superfl.
Historia Naturalis Palmarum 2(3): 66-68, t. 56-57. 1824.

Other synonyms:

Acrocomia antiguana L.H. Bailey
Acrocomia antioquensis Posada-Arango
Acrocomia belizensis L.H. Bailey
Acrocomia christopherensis L.H. Bailey
Acrocomia chunta Covas & Ragonese
Acrocomia erioacantha Barb. Rodr.
Acrocomia fusiformis (Sw.) Sweet
Acrocomia glaucophylla Drude
Acrocomia grenadana L.H. Bailey
Acrocomia hospes L.H. Bailey
Acrocomia ierensis L.H. Bailey
Acrocomia intumescens Drude
Acrocomia karukerana L.H. Bailey
Acrocomia lasiospatha Mart.
Acrocomia media O.F. Cook
Acrocomia mexicana Karw. ex Mart.
Acrocomia microcarpa Barb. Rodr.
Acrocomia mokayayba Barb. Rodr.
Acrocomia odorata Barb. Rodr.
Acrocomia panamensis L.H. Bailey
Acrocomia pilosa León
Acrocomia quisqueyana L.H. Bailey
*Acrocomia sclerocarpa Mart.
Acrocomia sclerocarpa var. wallaceana Drude
Acrocomia spinosa (Mill.) H.E. Moore
Acrocomia subinermis León ex L.H. Bailey
Acrocomia totai Mart.
Acrocomia ulei Dammer
Acrocomia viegasii L.H. Bailey
Acrocomia vinifera Oerst.
Acrocomia wallaceana (Drude) Becc.
Bactris globosa Gaertn.
Cocos aculeatus Jacq.
Cocos fusiformis Sw.
Palma spinosa Mill.

See Henderson, A., G. Galeano & R. Bernal 1995. Field Guide Palms Americas 1–352.

Acanthophoenix rubra

Acanthophoenix rubra (Bory) H. Wendl.
Mauritius and Réunion, Indian Ocean

Areca rubra
Listed by Carreiras & Azambuja 2001 as cultivated by Dom Fernando II at Necessidades.


Areca rubra Bory
Synonym of Acanthophoenix rubra (Bory) H. Wendl.
First described as Areca rubra by French naturalist Jean Baptiste Bory de Saint-Vincent in 1804 and classified by German botanist Hermann Wendland in its own genus Acanthophoenix in 1867.

Areca rubra requires a continuous high temperature, and is impatient of cold draughts and excess of moisture.
The Magazine of Horticulture, Botany ... 1868

Phoenix Jubae

Schenck, Johann Heinrich Rudolph
"Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Vegetation der Canarischen Inseln"
1907

Palms in Madeira 1921

Palmeiras. A familia das Palmeiras está representada na Madeira por varias especies, nenhuma das quais e indigena. As mais generalizadas actualmente são a Phoenix dactylifera, originaria da Africa boreal, e a Ph. Jubae, originaria das Canarias, esta com fôlhas de um verde escuro, aproximadas, aquela com fôlhas dum verde acinzentado, de ordinario um tanto afastadas. As tamaras da palmeira de Canarias são mais pequenas do que as da palmeira do Deserto e os seus caroços não são alongados, como sucede naquela especie. A Ph. jubae é cultivada no jardim municipal e nas quintas a leste e a oeste do Funchal; a Ph dactylifera aparece em muitas localidades da zona inferior da Madeira, e também no Pôrto Santo. Os frutos da palmeira do deserto só depois de caírem é que atingem nesta ultima ilha um perfeito estado de maturação. Além das duas referidas palmeiras, encontram-se na Madeira o Trachycarpus excelsus, a pritchardia filifera, a Latania borbonica, a Seaforthia elegans, etc., etc..

Extract from the Elucidário Madeirense, published 1921
FERNANDO AUGUSTO DA SILVA & CARLOS AZEVEDO MENESES

Summary
There are a number of palms present on the island, none of which are indigenous. The most common is Phoenix dactylifera (the date palm) that is found im many places at lower altitudes and on Porto Santo. Phoenix jubae (Phoenix canariensis) is cultivated in the public garden and in quintas to the west and east of Funchal. Also found are:
Trachycarpus excelsus = T. fortunei
Pritchardia filifera = Washingtonia filifera
Latania borbonica = Livistona chinensis
Seaforthia elegans = Archontophoenix cunninghamiana

Bold = modern equivalent for garden usage in 19th c.